The State of Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background. The problem of impairment of bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women is relevant due to a high risk of osteoporotic fractures, especially against the comorbid pathology. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 on the bone mineral density in postmenopausal women of different age depending on DM duration and type of antiglycemic treatment. Materials and methods. BMD was studied in 38 postmenopausal patients with DM type 2 (average age 64.36 ± 1.95 years old, average duration of DM type 2 10.68 ± 1.88 years, average glycated hemoglobin 9.02 ± 0.29 %). BMD state was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD was estimated using T-criteria. Results. Postmenopausal women without DM were found to have decreases BMD with aging by T-criteria. T-criteria of lumbar spine L1–L4 I women aged 50–59 years old was –0.24 ± –0.22 that confirms osteopenia. In women aged 60–69 years old T-criteria was –2.20 ± –0.22 that confirms osteoporosis. The age changes of average values of T-criteria in DM type 2 were found to be less negative compared with a control group, but worse densitometric parameters on L1–L4 level at the age ≤ 60 years old (–0.71 ± –0.09 vs –0.24 ± –0.02 (P < 0.001). Conclusion. BMD in postmenopausal women with DB type 2 and without DM assessed by T-criteria decreased in all regions with aging. Postmenopausal women with DB type 2 had worse densitometric parameters by T-criteria on L1–L4 level at the age ≤ 60 years old. With increasing DB duration over 10 years densitomentric density of femoral neck reduces, and lumbar spine BMD by T-criteria are inverse. Insulin therapy does not improve femoral BMD by T-criteria, however positive effect of insulin therapy improves state of lumbar spine.

Keywords

• bone mineral density
• type 2 diabetes mellitus
• postmenopause