Advances in Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles

Abstract

Yiming Zhang,1,2,* Yiming Dou,1,2,* Yang Liu,1,2 Mingyuan Di,1,2 Hanming Bian,1,2 Xun Sun,1,2 Qiang Yang1,2 1Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 2Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xun Sun; Qiang Yang, Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, 406 Jiefang SouthRoad, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale bilayer phospholipid membrane vesicles released by cells. Contained large molecules such as nucleic acid, protein, and lipid, EVs are an integral part of cell communication. The contents of EVs vary based on the cell source and play an important role in both pathological and physiological conditions. EVs can be used as drugs or targets in disease treatment, and changes in the contents of EVs can indicate the progression of diseases. In recent years, with the continuous exploration of the structure, characteristics, and functions of EVs, the potential of engineered EVs for drug delivery and therapy being constantly explored. This review provides a brief overview of the structure, characteristics and functions of EVs, summarizes the advanced application of EVs and outlook on the prospect of it. It is our hope that this review will increase understanding of the current development of medical applications of EVs and help us overcome future challenges.Keywords: extracellular vesicle, nanotherapeutic, disease diagnosis, engineered exosome, advances applications

Keywords

• extracellular vesicle
• nanotherapeutic
• disease diagnosis
• engineered exosome
• advances applications