Standardizing the 3D-Endoluminal Ultrasound Procedure: Optimal Delineation of Anorectal Anatomy

Abstract

Endoluminal ultrasound has become a cornerstone for evaluating anorectal diseases since its introduction as a diagnostic tool nearly three decades ago. This article reviews the applications of 3-dimensional (3D) endoluminal ultrasound, including transrectal (TRUS) and transanal (TAUS), in clinical settings and highlights their efficacies for diagnosing various anorectal conditions. Technological advancements, such as high-resolution imaging and multiplanar display capabilities, enable detailed assessments of anatomic structures, but high-quality images are required to standardize preprocedural and intraprocedural protocols and ensure patient comfort. This article provides insight into examination methodologies, especially those utilizing sophisticated multifrequency transducers that produce in-depth 2D and 3D images. Fundamental anatomical reference points are noted, and the diagnostic importance of understanding rectal wall layers, vasculature, and muscular structures is emphasized. This comprehensive review underscores the importance of standardizing procedures to improve the consistency and reliability of 3D endoluminal ultrasound for diagnosing anorectal diseases.

Keywords

• ultrasonography
• three-dimensional imaging
• rectum
• anatomy