Isoginkgetin—A Natural Compound to Control U87MG Glioblastoma Cell Growth and Migration Activating Apoptosis and Autophagy

Abstract

Isoginkgetin (Iso) is a natural bioflavonoid isolated from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, this natural substance exhibits many healing properties, among which the antitumor effect stands out. Here we tested the effect of Iso on the growth of U87MG glioblastoma cells. Growth curves and MTT toxicity assays showed time and dose-dependent growth inhibition of U87MG after treatment with Iso (15/25 µM) for 1, 2, and 3 days. The cell growth block of U87MG was further investigated with the colony formation test, which showed that iso treatment for 24 h reduced colony formation. The present study also aimed to evaluate the effect of Iso on U87MG glioblastoma cell migration. The FACS analysis, on the other hand, showed that treatment with Iso 15 µM determines a blockage of the cell cycle in the S1 phase. Further investigation shows that Iso treatment of U87MG altered the protein pathways of homeostasis including autophagy and apoptosis. The present study demonstrated, for the first time, that Iso could represent an excellent adjuvant drug for the treatment of glioblastoma by simultaneously activating multiple mechanisms that control the growth and migration of neoplastic cells.

Keywords

• glioblastoma (GBM)
• isoginkgetin (Iso)
• temozolomide (TMZ)
• autophagy
• apoptosis
• PARP