康复学报 (Oct 2022)
Application and Research of Dual-Task Paradigms in Central Nervous System Diseases
Abstract
The ability to perform two or more tasks simultaneously in activities of daily living is essential. The cognitive-motor dual-task paradigm refers to the simultaneous performance of a cognitive task and a motor task, where the cognitive task can be associated with different cognitive domains depending on the patient's functional deficits or individualized rehabilitation goals, and the motor task is mostly selected from basic functional activities such as walking and postural control. The limited capacity model is the most common dual-task mechanism, in which cognitive-motor dual-tasks produce cognitive-motor interference during execution due to limited cognitive resources, while cognitive-motor interference is influenced by task difficulty, task priority, and individual factors, which can be quantified by dual task effect to objectively reflect dual-task effectiveness. Since dual-task training is similar to activities of daily living, it has been used in the rehabilitation of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and has advantages in improving patients' cognitive and motor abilities, and it is important to summarize the relevant clinical applications and mechanism studies. Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), as a high spatial-temporal resolution, portable, and non-invasive functional brain imaging technique, breaks through the restrictions on the motor environment, meets the equipment requirements of simulating daily activities with dual tasks, and facilitates real-time measurement of cerebral cortical hemodynamic changes in the cognitive-motor dual-task paradigm, which is regarded as an important method for "dual-task" studies. Therefore, this paper presents a review of dual-task interference mechanisms, common paradigms of cognitive-motor dual-tasking, and clinical applications of dual-tasking in CNS diseases under fNIRS monitoring, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application and research of dual-tasking paradigms in CNS diseases.
