23Na relaxometry: An overview of theory and applications

Yifan Song; Yu Yin; Qinlong Chen; Alessandro Marchetti; Xueqian Kong

Magnetic Resonance Letters (May 2023)

23Na relaxometry: An overview of theory and applications

Yifan Song,
Yu Yin,
Qinlong Chen,
Alessandro Marchetti,
Xueqian Kong

Affiliations

Yifan Song: Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
Yu Yin: Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
Qinlong Chen: Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
Alessandro Marchetti: Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
Xueqian Kong: Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 3, no. 2
pp. 150 – 174

Abstract

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23Na is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-active isotope with a nuclear spin quantum number of 3/2. 23Na relaxation phenomenon is at the core of 23Na NMR measurement and analysis. Due to the dominance of quadrupolar interaction, the relaxation behavior of 23Na is physically and mathematically more complex than that of a typical spin-1/2 isotope. In this review, we overview the semi-classical Redfield theory for deriving the formulations of 23Na relaxation. We show that the relaxation behaviors of 23Na can be quantitatively described by constructing the spectral density functions based on the second-order perturbation theory. In addition, we summarize the applications of 23Na relaxometry in different research fields, including biomedicine, sodium ion batteries, and quantum information processing. Because sodium is an essential element in our body, food and industrial materials, the research on sodium by 23Na NMR emerges as important future directions. The theoretical and practical understandings on 23Na relaxation are the step stones for mastering advanced 23Na NMR techniques.

Published in Magnetic Resonance Letters

ISSN: 2097-0048 (Print); 2772-5162 (Online)
Publisher: KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
Country of publisher: China
LCC subjects: Science: Chemistry: Physical and theoretical chemistry; Science: Chemistry: Analytical chemistry
Website: https://www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/magnetic-resonance-letters/

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