Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (May 2009)
Estresse oxidativo e disfunção endotelial na doença renal crônica Estrés oxidativo y disfunción endotelial en la enfermedad renal crónica Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease
Abstract
FUNDAMENTO: A doença renal crônica (DRC) caracteriza-se pela alta prevalência de aterosclerose. Uma vez que o estresse oxidativo e a disfunção endotelial são promotores da aterosclerose, é interessante verificar se as duas condições estão associadas em pacientes com DRC, ainda sem doença cardiovascular (DCV) clínica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as relações entre o estresse oxidativo e a função endotelial em pacientes com DRC estágio 5, sem DCV. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 22 pacientes com DRC, não-diabéticos, não-fumantes, sem DCV e tratados por hemodiálise; além de 22 indivíduos normais. Em todos os indivíduos foram avaliados a reatividade vascular, dependente e independente de endotélio (ultra-som de alta resolução da artéria braquial), e o estresse oxidativo (níveis plasmáticos de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico - TBARS). RESULTADOS: A reatividade vascular dependente de endotélio (6,0 ± 4,25% vs. 11,3 ± 4,46%, p FUNDAMENTO: La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) se caracteriza por la alta prevalencia de aterosclerosis Siendo el estrés oxidativo y la disfunción endotelial promotores de la aterosclerosis, es interesante verificar si las dos condiciones están asociadas en pacientes con ERC, aun sin enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) clínica. OBJETIVO: Evaluar las relaciones entre el estrés oxidativo y la función endotelial en pacientes con ERC estado 5, sin ECV. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 22 pacientes con ERC, no diabéticos, no fumadores, sin ECV y tratados por hemodiálisis; además de 22 individuos normales. En todos los individuos se evaluaron la reactividad vascular, dependiente e independiente de endotelio (ecografía de alta resolución de la arteria braquial), y el estrés oxidativo (niveles plasmáticos de sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico - TBARS). RESULTADOS: La reactividad vascular dependiente de endotelio (6,0 ± 4,25% vs. 11,3 ± 4,46%, p BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the high prevalence of atherosclerosis. Considering that endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are promoters of atherosclerosis, it is of interest to verify whether the two conditions are associated in CKD patients still free of clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between oxidative stress and endothelial function in end-stage CKD patients without clinically evident CVD. METHODS: We studied 22 nondiabetic, nonsmoker CKD patients without clinical CVD treated by maintenance hemodialysis and 22 healthy controls. Endothelium- dependent and independent vascular reactivity and oxidative stress, as determined by the plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances - TBARS, were evaluated in all subjects. RESULTS: Endothelium-dependent (6.0 ± 4.25 vs. 11.3 ± 4.46 %, p< 0.001) and endothelium-independent (11.9 ± 7.68 vs. 19.1 % ± 6.43 %, p< 0.001) vascular reactivity were reduced, while TBARS (2.63 ± 0.51 vs. 1.49 ± 0.42 nmols/mL) was increased in CKD patients when compared to controls. TBARS levels were significantly related to endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity (r= - 0.56, p< 0.001) and to systolic blood pressure (r= - 0.48, p= 0.002). CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress is increased in CKD patients free of CVD and is associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients and controls. The results suggest that oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction may be involved in the increased susceptibility of CKD patients to CVD and cardiovascular complications.
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