Treatment of kidney stones: standards and innovations

Abstract

Urolithiasis remains one of the most common diseases in urology. At the same time, kidney stones are the most common and relevant part of this problem. Topical areas of diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones is determined by the increase in the incidence noted throughout the world, as well as the variety of treatment options and the development of new techniques. Currently, not all standards for the treatment of kidney stones of various sizes and localizations are defined. At the same time, new trends in treatment may change existing standards. This literature review considers existing standards for the treatment of kidney stones. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy with its complications associated with the tools and energies used to destroy and remove kidney stones is analyzed in more detail. We have analyzed innovative mini-percutaneous techniques (mini-PCNL) and trends in the development of percutaneous nephrolithiasis surgery to determine their importance in the treatment of kidney stones.

Keywords

• kidney stone disease
• percutaneous nephrolithotripsy
• complications
• mini-pcnl