Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering (May 2019)

Immunity Characterization of FPGA I/Os for Fault-Tolerant Circuit Designs against EMI

  • NGUYEN, V. T.,
  • DAM, M. T.,
  • SO, J.,
  • LEE, J.-G.

DOI
https://doi.org/10.4316/AECE.2019.02005
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 19, no. 2
pp. 37 – 44

Abstract

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This paper characterizes the immunity of I/Os under different supply voltages for fault-tolerant circuit designs against electromagnetic interference. The direct power injection approach is used as a means to characterize the immunity of circuits. In this work, the immunity characterization has been performed under two scenarios: (1) an input buffer of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) followed by a single flip-flop, and (2) the FPGA input buffer followed by a redundancy-based fault-tolerant circuit. The experimental results show that when downscaling the supply voltage through a set of nominal values (i.e., 3.3, 2.5, 1.8, 1.5, 1.2 V), the immunity of I/Os is decreased from the highest level at 3.3 V to the lowest at 1.2 V. Particularly, the maximum difference in the immunity is about 16.8 dB at the frequency of 600 MHz. Moreover, experiments demonstrate that I/O buffers followed by the redundancy-based fault-tolerant circuit can improve the immunity of the circuit up to 4 dB below the frequency band of 400 MHz. Thus, the redundancy-based fault-tolerant circuit can support I/Os to operate reliably in the harsh environment.

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