High Temperature Superconducting Transformer Operating at an Increased Frequency of Alternating Current

Abstract

The study's aim is to substantiate and employ materials with high technical characteristics for the active elements of a transformer, particularly in the context of increased operating frequencies. To accomplish this objective, the following tasks were addressed: An analysis and synthesis of the properties of a magnetic core composed of amorphous iron and superconducting windings in a high-temperature superconducting transformer (HST) were conducted. Dependencies and graphs illustrating the impact of frequency increase on heat losses related to hysteresis and eddy currents were derived. These losses occur within the magnetic circuit. The study also demonstrates the relationship between reducing size and weight parameters and material consumption of windings in high-temperature superconducting (HST) tapes. Current densities in these tapes can reach up to 500 A/mm². The most noteworthy outcome, taking advantage of superconductivity in the HST, is that HST acts as an ideal diamagnetic material. Additionally, the windings exhibit high electrical conductivity. This resolves issues related to current displacement to the conductor's surface, commonly known as the "skin effect," and effectively addresses concerns about increased resistance in transformers and electrical machines. The absence of the skin effect in HST conductors has been rigorously demonstrated using Bessel functions. The significance of these results is in enhancing the efficiency of transformers operating at high frequencies. This is achieved by synthesizing the properties of the transformer's active elements, which include an amorphous iron magnetic core, HST windings, and a dielectric medium utilizing liquid nitrogen.

Keywords

• increased frequency
• magnetic circuit
• energy efficiency
• hts transformer
• skin effect.