Features of dental status in children with overweight

Abstract

Aim. To a number of factors that have a significant influence on the processes of formation of teeth and periodontal tissues is excessive body weight. In the XXI century, overweight and obesity became one of the most serious public health problems in the European region. At the same time, high rates of caries and periodontal disease, which is especially unfavorable, remain in childhood. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to assess the dental status of children with excessive body weight. Material and Methods. 648 children were examined in Lviv, age 7, 12, 15 years. The prevalence of caries (%) and intensity (DMF) was determined. The Schiller-Pisarev test was used, the PMA index (Parma, 1960), the index of gum bleeding (M.Muhleman, 1971), and the CPI index were used. The quality of hygiene of the oral cavity was estimated using the OHI-S Hygiene Index (Green-Vermillion, 1964). The assessment of the physical development of the examined children was carried out according to anthropometric measurements. The body mass index was estimated using percentile tables developed by the WHO for children aged 5 to 19. The results of the study were worked out using the methods of variation statistics. Results and Discussion. The analysis of the data showed that, on average, the caries intensity in children with excess body weight is 5.53±0.52, which significantly exceeds the mean values in children with normal body mass (DMF=3.34±0.53 tooth, p<0.05) and corresponds to a high intensity level according to WHO recommendations. It was also found that the prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases in children with overweight is, on average, 67.9±2.8%, which is much more frequent than in children with normal weight body (46,92±2,92%, p<0,01). The analysis of the structure of the diseases of periodontal tissues showed that chronic catarrhal gingivitis was most often diagnosed in children with excessive body weight in 64,03±2,88% of cases, which is 1,4 times more than in children with normal body weight (45.21±2.91%), (p<0.05). Thus, in children with overweight, the positive Schiller-Pisarev test was found to be 1.44 times more frequent than in children with normal body weight (52.16±2.94%, p<0.001). It was found that in children with overweight the index of PMA was 33.71±2.84%, whereas in children with normal body mass (24.95±2.52). The value of index of gum bleeding in children with overweight was 1.48 times higher than in children with normal body mass. Most of children with excess body weight (36.06%) had satisfactory oral hygiene. Conclusions. The results of assessing the dental status in overweight children indicate higher rates of caries and periodontal disease than children with normal body weight. Particularly significant increasing of caries and periodontal disease is observed in the age from 12 to 15 years.

Keywords

• caries, periodontal disease, overweight, children