Bìznes Inform (May 2023)
Cluster Structures as an Organizational Basis for Strategic Reorganization of Enterprises
Abstract
The article is concerned with studying topical issues of functioning of cluster structures in Ukraine, which are an important instrument for ensuring sustainable economic development of the country. The research is aimed at improving the methodological support of substantiation of the feasibility of forming and evaluating the efficiency of the results of functioning of cluster structures. The necessity of expanding the existing classification of cluster structures is substantiated and it is proposed to supplement the list of types of cluster structures with the following types in accordance with the purpose of functioning: discretionary, sales, service, income, profitable, costs, capital investment, venture, and investment. It is proposed to link individual indicators of efficiency of cluster activity with its type, defined in accordance with the purpose of functioning. For each type of cluster structures, it is advisable to use a separate set of indicators in accordance with their purpose and the developed list of types. For the operation of the discretionary cluster, it is necessary to calculate the coefficients of the level of performance of a certain list of works and compliance with the estimate of operating costs by elements. The basis for evaluating the performance of the «costs» cluster should be based on such indicators as the coefficient of compliance with the estimate of operating costs by elements, the total coefficient of operating costs for production and the cost efficiency ratio. The activities of the «sales» cluster should be assessed by indicators of the individual coefficient of sales volume, the coefficient of compliance with the standard of finished product balances in the warehouse, and the coefficient of transaction costs. For the cluster structures of service, it is necessary to determine the coefficients of compliance with the estimates of operating costs, services provided outside the enterprise, and the quality of service of its structural units. The results of the functioning of the income cluster structures are expressed in the sale of products of the i-th type, sales of products with the help of intermediaries, the coefficient of potential losses. For the profitable cluster structures, it is necessary to use such criteria as product profitability, total profitability of sales, compliance with operating cost estimates, profit growth rate. For the capital investment cluster structures, it is proposed to calculate the following criteria: coefficients of compliance with the estimate of operating costs, profitability of capital investments and their payback period for each investment project. For the venture cluster structures, it is advisable to calculate the level of risk, and for investment ones – indicators of economic efficiency of investment projects. The proposed types of cluster structures and the system of criterial indicators for evaluating their activities allow considering each cluster as an independent business entity that functions independently in accordance with its purpose, according to which individual strategies are developed, ensuring adaptability to changes in the external environment and creating real opportunities for self-development.
Keywords
