Endoglin Is an Endothelial Housekeeper against Inflammation: Insight in ECFC-Related Permeability through LIMK/Cofilin Pathway

Abstract

Endoglin (Eng) is an endothelial cell (EC) transmembrane glycoprotein involved in adhesion and angiogenesis. Eng mutations result in vessel abnormalities as observed in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia of type 1. The role of Eng was investigated in endothelial functions and permeability under inflammatory conditions, focusing on the actin dynamic signaling pathway. Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells (ECFC) from human cord blood and mouse lung/aortic EC (MLEC, MAEC) from Eng+/+ and Eng+/− mice were used. ECFC silenced for Eng with Eng-siRNA and ctr-siRNA were used to test tubulogenesis and permeability +/− TNFα and +/− LIM kinase inhibitors (LIMKi). In silico modeling of TNFα–Eng interactions was carried out from PDB IDs 5HZW and 5HZV. Calcium ions (Ca2+) flux was studied by Oregon Green 488 in epifluorescence microscopy. Levels of cofilin phosphorylation and tubulin post-translational modifications were evaluated by Western blot. F-actin and actin–tubulin distribution/co-localization were evaluated in cells by confocal microscopy. Eng silencing in ECFCs resulted in a decrease of cell sprouting by 50 ± 15% (p p p 2+ mobilization (p +/−, and MLEC+/− compared to controls (p p p p p < 0.001). Interestingly, LIMKi reproduced the absence of Eng on TNFα-induced ECFC-increased permeability. Our data suggest that Eng plays a critical role in the homeostasis regulation of endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions (TNFα), and loss of Eng influences ECFC-related permeability through the LIMK/cofilin/actin rearrangement-signaling pathway.

Keywords

• endoglin
• ECFC
• cofilin
• HHT1
• TNFα