Composting of organic fraction of municipal solid waste in a three-stage biodegradable composter

Abstract

The increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate has been a growing concern for the modern-day era. On-site composting has been the promising clean-tech alternative to managing biodegradable organic waste (BOW) in MSW. It allows sustainable and compact solutions for the in-house treatment of MSW, reducing the overall burden on landfill and treatment facilities. In this manuscript, a batch and pilot scale performance assessment study were conducted for BOW using a three-stage vertical drum composter (R1, R2, R3). The study aims to determine the impact of aeration, turning mechanisms, bulking agents, degradation rate, and process parameters on compost quality. It was found that physical-chemical properties such as bulk density (0.3 g/cm3), pH (∼7), temperature (85 %) showed that the compost quality was rich in nutrients and soil-conditioning properties. Based on the kinetic study, it was conclusive that adding bulking agents in R3 (0.0078 day−1) and R4 (0.0098 day−1) contributed to high degradation rates, underlining the value of creating a porous structure that enhances microbial activity. The findings can be a resource for waste generators, managers, technocrats, and policymakers to tackle the issues related to in-house management and treatment of MSW.

Keywords

• Biodegradable organic waste
• Germination index
• Moisture content
• Municipal solid waste
• Physical-chemical characteristic
• Vertical drum composter