A likely outcome of the sunspot peaks' influence on the North Atlantic Oscillation and Europe in winter

Abstract

The effect on the North Atlantic Oscillation of 15 sunspot peaks depends on whether the Oscillation is in-phase or out-of-phase with the sunspot peaks. When it is in-phase the anomalies of sea-level pressure adds to the average pressure distribution, and when it is out-of-phase it subtracts from it. Consequently, the atmospheric conditions over Europe in a sunspot peak depends on whether the North Atlantic Oscillation is in- or out-of-phase with the sunspot peak.

Keywords

• sunspot peaks
• european winters