Dependence of the Optical Constant Parameters of p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid-Doped Polyaniline and Its Composites on Dispersion Solvents
Fahad Usman,
John Ojur Dennis,
Fabrice Meriaudeau,
Abdelaziz Yousif Ahmed,
Khe Cheng Seong,
Yap Wing Fen,
Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini,
Bashir Abubakar Abdulkadir,
Ridwan Tobi Ayinla,
Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal,
Nur Alia Sheh Omar,
Nissren Tamam,
Abdelmoneim Sulieman
Affiliations
Fahad Usman
Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia
John Ojur Dennis
Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia
Fabrice Meriaudeau
ImViA EA 7535, Team IFTIM, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
Abdelaziz Yousif Ahmed
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia
Khe Cheng Seong
Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia
Yap Wing Fen
Department of Physics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini
Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
Bashir Abubakar Abdulkadir
Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia
Ridwan Tobi Ayinla
Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Université Grenoble Alpes, 621 Avenue Centrale, 38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France
Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal
Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
Nur Alia Sheh Omar
Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
Nissren Tamam
Physics Department, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Abdelmoneim Sulieman
Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 422, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
The optical constants of Para-Toluene sulfonic acid-doped polyaniline (PANI), PANIchitosan composites, PANI-reduced graphene-oxide composites and a ternary composite comprising of PANI, chitosan and reduced graphene-oxide dispersed in diluted p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) solution and N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent have been evaluated and compared. The optical constant values were extracted from the absorbance spectra of thin layers of the respective samples. The potential utilization of the materials as the active sensing materials of surface plasmon resonance biosensors has also been assessed in terms of the estimated value of the penetration depth through a dielectric medium. The results show a reasonable dependence of the optical constant parameters on the solvent type. Higher real part refractive index (n) and real part complex dielectric permittivity (ε’) values were observed for the samples prepared using PTSA solution, while higher optical conductivity values were observed for the NMP-based samples due to their relatively higher imaginary part refractive index (k) and imaginary part complex dielectric permittivity (ε″) values. In addition, NMP-based samples show improvement in terms of the penetration depth through a dielectric medium by around 9.5, 1.6, 4.4 and 2.9 times compared to PTSA-based samples for the PANI, PANI-chitosan, PANI-RGO and the ternary composites, respectively. Based on these, it is concluded that preparation of these materials using different dispersion solvents could produce materials of different optical properties. Thus, the variation of the dispersion solvent will allow the flexible utilization of the PANI and the composites for diverse applications.
