Detection Rate of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Influencing Factors: Analysis Based on the Data of 320 000 Beijing Population

Abstract

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has showed a high prevalence and a increasing trend especially towards younger age. It is of great public health significance to reduce damage through early detection of NAFLD in physical examination and intervention in time. Objective To investigate the detection rate of NAFLD in the Beijing physical examination population from 2018 to 2021, and analyze its related influencing factors. Methods People who received physical examinations at the Beijing Physical Examination Center from 2018-01-01 to 2021-12-31 were selected based on the inclusion criteria, the results of physical examination, laboratory examination, and liver ultrasonography were collected for analysis. Univariate analysis was performed using t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of NAFLD. Results A total 325 726 people were included in the study, of which 108 512 cases of NAFLD were detected, with a detection rate of 33.31%. The results of liver ultrasonography revealed that the number of mild, moderate and severe NAFLD detections were 74 062, 33 281 and 1 169 cases, accounting for 68.25%, 30.67% and 1.08% of the detection population, respectively. The detection rate of NAFLD was higher in males than females (χ2=17 518.893, P<0.05). Chi-square test for trend revealed an age-dependent increase detection rate of NAFLD before 70 years old, and a subsequent decline after reaching 70 years old (χ2trend=14 397.61, P<0.001). Higher detection rate was revealed in males than females among people aged 18-59 years (P<0.05), while lower detection rate in males than females among people aged ≥70 years old (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression results showed that gender (male: OR=1.173), aging (30-39: OR=1.604, 40-49: OR=1.948, 50-59: OR=2.486, 60-69: OR=2.663, 70-79: OR=2.079, ≥80: OR=1.149), BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2: OR=2.997, 24.0-27.9 kg/m2: OR=3.911, ≥28.0 kg/m2: OR=11.780), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (≥140 mmHg: OR=1.200), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (≥90 mmHg: OR=1.177), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (≥6.10 mmol/L: OR=1.934), triacylglycerol (TG) (≥1.70 mmol/L: OR=2.946), total cholesterol (TC) (≥5.20 mmol/L: OR=1.050), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (<1.0 mmol/L: OR=1.645), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (≥3.4 mmol/L: OR=1.499), serum uric acid (SUA) (SUAmale>420 μmol/L, SUAfemale>360 μmol/L: OR=2.067) were influencing factors for NAFLD (P<0.05) . Conclusion The detection rate of NAFLD in physical examination population in Beijing was 33.31%, the highest incidence showed in people aged 50 to 69 years. Males, overweight and obese people are the high-risk groups, and abnormalities in blood lipids, blood pressure and blood glucose are also risk factors for NAFLD.

Keywords

• non-alcoholic fatty liver disease|physical examination population|prevalence|root cause analysis|beijing