The Effects of Topical Ketamine in Reducing Venipuncture Pain

Abstract

Background: Different pharmacological methods have been introduced for managing venipuncture pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical ketamine in reducing the pain of venipuncture. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 200 patients with indication for venipuncture were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, the venipuncture site was covered with topical ketamine and in the second group, with placebo. After 45 minutes, the site was examined for numbness, and when complete numbness achieved, professional nurses performed the venipuncture. Then, pain severity [by visual analog scale (VAS)] and side effects were recorded and compared between the groups. Findings: The mean age of patients was 45.15 ± 10.36 years and 50% were men. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and sex. VAS was significantly lower in the ketamine group than in the control group (P < 0.001); but the side effects such as redness, hives, itching, and burning were significantly less in control group (P < 0.050). The mean duration of complete numbness in the ketamine group was 58.20 ± 9.48 hours (P < 0.050). Conclusion: Topical ketamine is effective in reducing the pain of venipuncture in adult. To expect a full effect, ketamine cream should be applied at least 60 minutes prior to cannulation.

Keywords

• ketamine
• emergency departments
• venipuncture
• pain