Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Sep 2021)
The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer
- M. Xiao,
- C. R. Hoyle,
- C. R. Hoyle,
- L. Dada,
- D. Stolzenburg,
- A. Kürten,
- M. Wang,
- H. Lamkaddam,
- O. Garmash,
- B. Mentler,
- U. Molteni,
- A. Baccarini,
- M. Simon,
- X.-C. He,
- K. Lehtipalo,
- K. Lehtipalo,
- L. R. Ahonen,
- R. Baalbaki,
- P. S. Bauer,
- L. Beck,
- D. Bell,
- F. Bianchi,
- S. Brilke,
- D. Chen,
- R. Chiu,
- A. Dias,
- J. Duplissy,
- J. Duplissy,
- H. Finkenzeller,
- H. Gordon,
- V. Hofbauer,
- C. Kim,
- C. Kim,
- T. K. Koenig,
- T. K. Koenig,
- J. Lampilahti,
- C. P. Lee,
- Z. Li,
- H. Mai,
- V. Makhmutov,
- H. E. Manninen,
- R. Marten,
- S. Mathot,
- R. L. Mauldin,
- R. L. Mauldin,
- W. Nie,
- A. Onnela,
- E. Partoll,
- T. Petäjä,
- J. Pfeifer,
- J. Pfeifer,
- V. Pospisilova,
- L. L. J. Quéléver,
- M. Rissanen,
- M. Rissanen,
- S. Schobesberger,
- S. Schuchmann,
- S. Schuchmann,
- Y. Stozhkov,
- C. Tauber,
- Y. J. Tham,
- A. Tomé,
- M. Vazquez-Pufleau,
- A. C. Wagner,
- A. C. Wagner,
- A. C. Wagner,
- R. Wagner,
- Y. Wang,
- L. Weitz,
- D. Wimmer,
- D. Wimmer,
- Y. Wu,
- C. Yan,
- P. Ye,
- P. Ye,
- Q. Ye,
- Q. Zha,
- X. Zhou,
- A. Amorim,
- K. Carslaw,
- J. Curtius,
- A. Hansel,
- R. Volkamer,
- R. Volkamer,
- P. M. Winkler,
- R. C. Flagan,
- M. Kulmala,
- M. Kulmala,
- M. Kulmala,
- M. Kulmala,
- D. R. Worsnop,
- D. R. Worsnop,
- J. Kirkby,
- J. Kirkby,
- N. M. Donahue,
- U. Baltensperger,
- I. El Haddad,
- J. Dommen
Affiliations
- M. Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- C. R. Hoyle
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- C. R. Hoyle
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- L. Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- D. Stolzenburg
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- A. Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- M. Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- H. Lamkaddam
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- O. Garmash
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- B. Mentler
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- U. Molteni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- A. Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- M. Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- X.-C. He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- K. Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- K. Lehtipalo
- Atmospheric Composition Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- L. R. Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- R. Baalbaki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- P. S. Bauer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- L. Beck
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- D. Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- F. Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- S. Brilke
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- D. Chen
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- R. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- A. Dias
- CENTRA and FCUL, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- J. Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- J. Duplissy
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- H. Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- H. Gordon
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- V. Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- C. Kim
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- C. Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
- T. K. Koenig
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- T. K. Koenig
- now at: College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
- J. Lampilahti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- C. P. Lee
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Z. Li
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- H. Mai
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- V. Makhmutov
- Solar and Cosmic Ray Physics Laboratory, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- H. E. Manninen
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- R. Marten
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- S. Mathot
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- R. L. Mauldin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- R. L. Mauldin
- Department of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- W. Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- A. Onnela
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- E. Partoll
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- T. Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- J. Pfeifer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- J. Pfeifer
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- V. Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- L. L. J. Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- M. Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- M. Rissanen
- now at: Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
- S. Schobesberger
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- S. Schuchmann
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- S. Schuchmann
- now at: Experimentelle Teilchen- und Astroteilchenphysik, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Y. Stozhkov
- Solar and Cosmic Ray Physics Laboratory, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- C. Tauber
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Y. J. Tham
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- A. Tomé
- IDL-Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- M. Vazquez-Pufleau
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- A. C. Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- A. C. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- A. C. Wagner
- now at: Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- R. Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Y. Wang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- L. Weitz
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- D. Wimmer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- D. Wimmer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Y. Wu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- C. Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- P. Ye
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- P. Ye
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821-3976, USA
- Q. Ye
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Q. Zha
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- X. Zhou
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- A. Amorim
- CENTRA and FCUL, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- K. Carslaw
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, United Kingdom
- J. Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- A. Hansel
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- R. Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- R. Volkamer
- Department of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- P. M. Winkler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- R. C. Flagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- M. Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- M. Kulmala
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- M. Kulmala
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- M. Kulmala
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- D. R. Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- D. R. Worsnop
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821-3976, USA
- J. Kirkby
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- J. Kirkby
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- N. M. Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- U. Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- I. El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- J. Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 21
pp. 14275 – 14291
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric particles, affecting climate and air quality. Understanding the mechanisms involved in urban aerosols is important to develop effective mitigation strategies. However, NPF rates reported in the polluted boundary layer span more than 4 orders of magnitude, and the reasons behind this variability are the subject of intense scientific debate. Multiple atmospheric vapours have been postulated to participate in NPF, including sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines and organics, but their relative roles remain unclear. We investigated NPF in the CLOUD chamber using mixtures of anthropogenic vapours that simulate polluted boundary layer conditions. We demonstrate that NPF in polluted environments is largely driven by the formation of sulfuric acid–base clusters, stabilized by the presence of amines, high ammonia concentrations and lower temperatures. Aromatic oxidation products, despite their extremely low volatility, play a minor role in NPF in the chosen urban environment but can be important for particle growth and hence for the survival of newly formed particles. Our measurements quantitatively account for NPF in highly diverse urban environments and explain its large observed variability. Such quantitative information obtained under controlled laboratory conditions will help the interpretation of future ambient observations of NPF rates in polluted atmospheres.
