Features of Cadmium absorption by plants of spring barley
Abstract
The paper present result of research on the intensity of the absorption of cadmium from the soil by plants barley. The object of the study were plant spring barley varieties Peas in various stages of development. Сadmium was added to the soil (dark-grey podzolic) as a CdCl2·2,5H2O in the concentration of 3, 15 and 30 mg Cd+2 per kg of the soil. Сadmium is one of the heavy metals which occur in the environment as a result of antropogenic activities. The best solution for maintaining non-contaminated soils and plants is to remove the sources of Cd in the environment. Given that that is essentially impossible at this time, further research needs to determine how soil and plant factors affect Cd availability on polluted soils. Of all non-essential heavy metals, Cadmium (Cd) is perhaps the metal that has attracted the most attention in soil science and plant nutrition due to its potential toxicity to humans, and also its relative mobility in the soil-plant system. The Cadmium is for plants completely unnecessary element. Of particular concern for humans are the high concentrations of Cd in grain. Established that the Cadmium content in barley amended as follows: underground faction > vegetative biomass fraction > generative fraction (control and on the variant of contamination of soil in a dose 3 mg Cd+2 per kg of the soil) and underground faction > generative fraction > vegetative biomass fraction (on the variants of experience 5 and 10 maximum possible concentration of Cd+2). Сadmium absorbed most intensive barley in the flowering stage. Cadmium is characterized by subzero migratory ability in theorgans of barley. Roots are the main accumulators of this heavy metal. Every stress conditions are signal for a plant to initiate in its cells a number of different biochemical processes (e.g. changes of cytoplasm pH, changes of electrostatic potential of cell membranes, flow of ions). It is set that getting a clean straw and clean grain ispossible only on the variants of experien-ce 1 maximum possible concentration of Cd+2 and on control. The effect of сadmium and other heavy metals on plants depends not only on its form, but also on the presence and concentration of other elements and substances, the plant species and its developmental stage are also important. Several soil conditions, such as the pH value, calcium level, content of organic substances, particulaly humus etc., are decisive for the exchangeable and water soluble, available сadmium for plants.
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