Journal of Clinical Medicine (Sep 2023)
Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Dominance in Greece: Determinants of Severity and Mortality
- Vagia Karageorgou,
- Andriana I. Papaioannou,
- Maria Kallieri,
- Myrto Blizou,
- Stefanos Lampadakis,
- Maria Sfika,
- Antonios Krouskos,
- Vasileios Papavasileiou,
- Franceska Strakosha,
- Kalliopi Theoni Vandorou,
- Pavlos Siozos,
- Marina Moustaka Christodoulou,
- Georgia Kontonasiou,
- Vasiliki Apollonatou,
- Elvira Markella Antonogiannaki,
- Christos Kyriakopoulos,
- Christina Aggelopoulou,
- Christos Chronis,
- Konstantinos Kostikas,
- Evangelia Koukaki,
- Zoi Sotiropoulou,
- Athanasia Athanasopoulou,
- Petros Bakakos,
- Pinelopi Schoini,
- Emmanouil Alevrakis,
- Sotirios Poupos,
- Evangelia Chondrou,
- Dionisios Tsoukalas,
- Alexia Chronaiou,
- George Tsoukalas,
- Sofia Koukidou,
- Georgios Hillas,
- Katerina Dimakou,
- Konstantinos Roukas,
- Ifigeneia Nakou,
- Diamantis Chloros,
- Evangelia Fouka,
- Spyros A. Papiris,
- Stelios Loukides
Affiliations
- Vagia Karageorgou
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Andriana I. Papaioannou
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Maria Kallieri
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Myrto Blizou
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Stefanos Lampadakis
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Maria Sfika
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Antonios Krouskos
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Vasileios Papavasileiou
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Franceska Strakosha
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Kalliopi Theoni Vandorou
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Pavlos Siozos
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Marina Moustaka Christodoulou
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Georgia Kontonasiou
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Vasiliki Apollonatou
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Elvira Markella Antonogiannaki
- 4th Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Christos Kyriakopoulos
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Christina Aggelopoulou
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Christos Chronis
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Konstantinos Kostikas
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Evangelia Koukaki
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Zoi Sotiropoulou
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Athanasia Athanasopoulou
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Petros Bakakos
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Pinelopi Schoini
- 4th Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Emmanouil Alevrakis
- 4th Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Sotirios Poupos
- 4th Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Evangelia Chondrou
- 4th Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Dionisios Tsoukalas
- 4th Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Alexia Chronaiou
- 4th Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- George Tsoukalas
- 4th Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Sofia Koukidou
- 5th Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Georgios Hillas
- 5th Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Katerina Dimakou
- 5th Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Konstantinos Roukas
- COVID-19 Clinic, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Ifigeneia Nakou
- COVID-19 Clinic, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Diamantis Chloros
- COVID-19 Clinic, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Evangelia Fouka
- COVID-19 Clinic, General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Spyros A. Papiris
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Stelios Loukides
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185904
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 12,
no. 18
p. 5904
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a pandemic since 2020, and depending on the SARS-CoV-2 mutation, different pandemic waves have been observed. The aim of this study was to compare the baseline characteristics of patients in two phases of the pandemic and evaluate possible predictors of mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective multicenter observational study that included patients with COVID-19 in 4 different centers in Greece. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the period during which they were infected during the Delta and Omicron variant predominance. Results: A total of 979 patients (433 Delta, 546 Omicron) were included in the study (median age 67 years (54, 81); 452 [46.2%] female). Compared to the Omicron period, the patients during the Delta period were younger (median age [IQR] 65 [51, 77] vs. 70 [55, 83] years, p p = 0.001), had higher procalcitonin levels (ng/mL): 0.08 [0.05, 0.17] vs. 0.06 [0.02, 0.16], p = 0.005, ferritin levels (ng/mL): 301 [159, 644] vs. 239 [128, 473], p = 0.002, C- reactive protein levels (mg/L): 40.4 [16.7, 98.5] vs. 31.8 [11.9, 81.7], p = 0.003, and lactate dehydrogenase levels (U/L): 277 [221, 375] vs. 255 [205, 329], p p p 2/FiO2 ratio on admission were identified as independent predictors of mortality for patients in the Omicron period. Conclusions: In the Omicron wave, patients were older with a higher number of comorbidities, but patients with the Delta variant had more severe disease and a longer duration of hospitalization.
Keywords