Exploring the Pivotal Significance of Microalgae-Derived Sustainable Lipid Production: A Critical Review of Green Bioenergy Development
Shrasti Vasistha,
Anwesha Khanra,
Monika Prakash Rai,
Shakeel Ahmad Khan,
Zengling Ma,
Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh,
Doris Ying Ying Tang,
Pau Loke Show
Affiliations
Shrasti Vasistha
Institute of Management Studies, Ghaziabad (University Course Campus), NH 09, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad 201015, India
Anwesha Khanra
Division of Environmental Sciences, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
Monika Prakash Rai
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201313, India
Shakeel Ahmad Khan
Division of Environmental Sciences, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
Zengling Ma
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
Study Program of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia
Doris Ying Ying Tang
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Pau Loke Show
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
The persistent fight against global environmental threats and energy catastrophe is currently a major concern for the economic development of bioenergy across the entire country. Hence, traditional fuel-based reserves are overburdened to cope with the rapid energy crisis, necessitating an urgent need for an innovative carbon-neutral green-energy resource. In order to address these critical bottlenecks, microalgae with incredible metabolic versatility have paved the way for a pivotal attention towards sustainable biofuel production. However, due to high operational costs and low lipid productivity, the microalgae-based biofuel resource is still in its infancy. As a result, this problem can be overcome by incorporating engineered microalgal strains which can pave the way for significant lipid augmentation for biofuel production. Thus, our current review depicts an in-depth understanding of a multi-omics approach to microalgae, the broad scope of self-sustaining microalgae cultivation, lipid-extraction strategies, and conversion processes to improve economic commercialization in the bioenergy framework. The present review also provides a detailed analysis of the international and national status of bioenergy development by several federal agencies.
