A novel prognostic model based on ferritin and nomogram‐revised risk index could better stratify patients with extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma

Abstract

Abstract Background Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is an aggressive lymphoma with marked heterogeneity, resulting in a distinct prognosis even in patients with the same disease stage. The nomogram‐revised risk index (NRI) has been proposed to stratify patients with ENKTCL. Numerous reports have revealed the prognostic role of serum ferritin in various cancers. Purpose We aimed to evaluate the role of NRI in our single cohort of patients with ENKTCL treated uniformly, explore the prognostic value of ferritin, and establish a new prognostic model to better stratify patients with ENKTCL. Methods We included 326 patients with ENKTCL with detailed data regarding clinical characteristics and survival outcomes. All patients were treated with asparaginase‐based chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Multiple R packages were used to analyze the prognostic factors and derive a novel prognostic model. Results In the training cohort comprising 236 patients with ENKTCL, NRI significantly correlated with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (p < 0.0001). Using a ferritin level of 400 μg/L as the cutoff value, patients with high ferritin levels had significantly inferior PFS (p = 0.00028). Integrating the NRI score and four easily accessible clinical parameters, namely ferritin, hemoglobin, albumin, and D‐dimer, a new prognostic model was constructed, stratifying patients with ENKTCL into three risk groups. This new prognostic model was independent of disease stage and NRI and performed better than NRI. Furthermore, this model helped to stratify patients within the same NRI risk groups. Finally, the role of this novel prognostic model was validated in the external validation cohort comprising 90 patients with ENKTCL. Conclusions Serum ferritin level could be a novel prognostic factor in patients with ENKTCL. The new prognostic model combining NRI and clinical parameters could better predict the prognosis of ENKTCL, thereby warranting further validation and potentially guiding individualized treatment in future prospective clinical trials.

Keywords

• extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma
• ferritin
• individualized treatment
• nomogram‐revised risk index
• prognostic model