Features of violations of the lipid spectrum and components of the coagulation system in children with comorbid states in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Abstract

Background. In children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), a high immune-inflammatory activity of the disease leads to accelerated development of atherosclerosis and the comorbid pathology. Typically, the formation of atherosclerosis occurs in parallel with violations in the system of blood coagulation, that is, there are atherothrombotic phenomena. In this regard, it was considered necessary to determine the features of blood lipids and hemostatic system in children with JIA and comorbid pathology. Materials and methods. Ninety seven children (5–18 years) with JIA were examined. They were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 38 children (39.2 %) without symptoms of comorbidity, and the second group, with signs of comorbidity, included 59 patients (60.8 %). The lipid blood spectrum and coagulogram were studied. Statistical processing was carried out using the statistical software package Statgraphics 16.0. Results. Consequently, children with JIA, with symptoms of comorbidity, have established signs of hypercoagulability, especially expressed in the presence of violations of blood lipids. When studying the parameters of lipid spectrum of the blood in patients with high fibrinogen indices, an increase in the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.02), triglycerides (p < 0.02) and atherogenic index (p < 0.03) was observed. When analyzing renal function, it was found that in 21.4 % of children from the group with comorbid pathology, glomerular filtration rate was either within very low values or within the limits of hyperfiltration. Indicators of proteinuria in children with comorbidity were more important and needed special attention. An analysis of the lipid profile of the blood in a group of patients with signs of abnormal kidney function suggests that they have still more increase in the level of atherogenic lipid fractions. Analysis of the coagulation system in this group indicates only an increase in prothrombin index (p < 0.05). Thus, in children with JIA, the formation of comorbid pathology occurs on the background of the process activity accompanied by atherogenic dyslipidemia and increased thrombogenic potential of the coagulation system. The growth in the concentration of circulating immune complexes and involvement of the kidneys in the pathological process increases the degree of pathological changes in the lipid profile of the blood and the system of hemostasis. Conclusions. It has been established that prognostically unfavorable signs for the formation of comorbid pathology in patients with JIA are: maintaining the activity of pathological process with increasing concentration of circulating immune complexes, presence of proteinuria, increased total cholesterol, atherogenic index and fibrinogen.

Keywords

• juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• children
• lipid spectrum
• coagulogram