Assessment of single-turn extraction for a superconducting separated-sector cyclotron

Abstract

We have studied the beam dynamics in a high field separated-sector cyclotron to establish conditions required to achieve single-turn extraction. Extraction efficiency above 99% is aimed to avoid beam-induced damages. A sufficient last-turn separation and a preservation of beam quality throughout the acceleration are the prerequisites. The last-turn separation can be enhanced with the orbital precession induced by an off-centering injection as in existent lower field separated-sector cyclotrons. The beam qualities, on the other hand, are affected by the resonances traversed or approached during the acceleration. Acceleration of light nuclei to the energies of 300–400 MeV/u was especially disturbing because of the broadening of radial beamwidth upon crossing the ν_{r}=3/2 resonance. Tolerance to the third harmonic gradient field, which causes the resonance in lowest order, is set to be 0.1 G/cm. The integer resonance ν_{z}=1 can be avoided with a proper design of the yoke. The longitudinal space charge forces were also investigated to estimate the intensity limits determined by the energy spreads of beam assuming simplified charge distributions. Moreover, beam preparations for injection matching are described in view of reducing the beam losses into the extraction elements.