Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Piper betle exhibit high antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enteritidis and E. coli

Abstract

Piper betle (P. betle) is a popular medicinal plant in Asia. Plant leaves have been used as a traditional medicine to treat various health conditions. P. betle leaf has plentiful antimicrobial products. The extraction of leaves from P. betle is of high interest for industrial applications. The aqueous leaf extracts of P. betle provided the materials required to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and promoted their antimicrobial activity. UV/vis absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the AgNPs. This study investigated the antimicrobial AgNPs produced by P. betle against S. enteritidis and E. coli. The minimum biocidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were the methods used to determine the antimicrobial activity of greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Plasmon absorbance was shown in correspondence to peak absorption values of 400–500 nm and the color change of the extract to dark brown. The MICs of P. betle and AgNPs were 4.6 mg/mL and 0.06 μg/mL against S. enteritidis and 3.7 mg/mL and 0.06 μg/mL against E. coli, respectively. AgNPs did not cause the hemolysis of RBCs in vitro. Findings reveal AgNPs have higher antimicrobial activity than aqueous leaf extracts of P. betle against S. enteritidis and E. coli.

Keywords

• silver nanoparticles
• piper betle
• antimicrobial activity
• s. enteritidis
• e. coli