A novel model based on lipid metabolism-related genes associated with immune microenvironment predicts metastasis of breast cancer

Abstract

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor among women worldwide and a significant cause of cancer-related deaths in females. Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) exhibit prognostic potential in various types of tumors, including BC. Our study aimed to establish a novel model to predict the metastasis of BC. Methods Clinical information and corresponding RNA data of patients with BC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Consensus clustering was performed to identify novel molecular subgroups. Estimation of Stromal and Immune Cells in Malignant Tumor Tissues using Expression, microenvironment cell populations counter, microenvironment cell populations counter, and single-sample gene set enrichment analyses were employed to determine the tumor immune microenvironment and immune status of the identified subgroups. Functional analyses, including Gene Ontology and gene set enrichment analyses, were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. A prognostic risk model was constructed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results This study identified differential gene expression between patients with BC exhibiting metastasis and those without metastasis using public databases. Using the obtained data, we established predictive models based on six LMRGs. Furthermore, consensus clustering and prognostic score grouping analysis revealed that differentially expressed LMRGs influence tumor prognosis by regulating tumor immunity. To facilitate clinical application, we developed a nomogram integrating the risk model and clinical characteristics to accurately predict the prognosis of patients with BC. Conclusion We developed and validated a novel signature associated with LMRGs for predicting disease-free survival in patients with BC. The expression of LMRGs correlates with the immune microenvironment of patients with BC, providing new insights and improved strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of BC.

Keywords

• Lipid metabolism
• Breast cancer
• Metastasis
• Tumor immune microenvironment
• Prognosis