The African Swine Fever Virus with MGF360 and MGF505 Deleted Reduces the Apoptosis of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages by Inhibiting the NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Interleukin-1β
Qi Gao,
Yunlong Yang,
Weipeng Quan,
Jiachen Zheng,
Yizhuo Luo,
Heng Wang,
Xiongnan Chen,
Zhao Huang,
Xiaojun Chen,
Runda Xu,
Guihong Zhang,
Lang Gong
Affiliations
Qi Gao
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China
Yunlong Yang
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China
Weipeng Quan
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China
Jiachen Zheng
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China
Yizhuo Luo
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China
Heng Wang
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China
Xiongnan Chen
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China
Zhao Huang
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China
Xiaojun Chen
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China
Runda Xu
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China
Guihong Zhang
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China
Lang Gong
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, China
African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses serious threats to the swine industry. The mortality rate of African swine fever (ASF) is 100%, and there is no effective vaccine currently available. Complex immune escape strategies of ASFV are crucial factors affecting immune prevention and vaccine development. CD2v and MGF360-505R genes have been implicated in the modulation of the immune response. The molecular mechanisms contributing to innate immunity are poorly understood. In this study, we discover the cytopathic effect and apoptosis of ΔCD2v/ΔMGF360-505R-ASFV after infection in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) was significantly less than wild-type ASFV. We demonstrated that CD2v- and MGF360-505R-deficient ASFV decrease the level of apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and IL-1β mRNA transcription. Compared with wild-type ASFV infection, the levels of phospho-NF-κB p65 and p-IκB protein decreased in CD2v- and MGF360-505R-deficient ASFV. Moreover, CD2v- and MGF360-505R-deficient ASFV induced less IL-1β production than wild-type ASFV and was attenuated in replication compared with wild-type ASFV. We further found that MGF360-12L, MGF360-13L, and MGF-505-2R suppress the promoter activity of NF-κB by reporter assays, and CD2v activates the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings suggested that CD2v- and MGF360-505R-deficient ASFV could reduce the level of ASFV p30 and the apoptosis of PAMs by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and IL-1β mRNA transcription, which might reveal a novel strategy for ASFV to maintain the replication of the virus in the host.
