Magnetized water-based hybrid nanofluid flow over an exponentially stretching sheet with thermal convective and mass flux conditions: HAM solution

Abstract

The boundary-layer flow on a shrinking/contracting sheet has abundant industrial applications, which include continuous glass casting, metal or polymer extrusions, and wire drawing. In this regard, the present analysis focuses the hybrid nanofluid flow on an exponentially extending sheet. The water-based hybrid nanofluid flow contains CoFe2O4 and TiO2 nanoparticles. Heat transfer rate analysis involves the utilization of the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model. Moreover, the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are used in this novel work. The mathematical model is presented in the form of system of partial differential equations, which is then transformed into system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the similarity variables. The system of ODEs is evaluated by homotopy analysis method. The variation in the flow profiles has been investigated using figures and tables. The conclusions demonstrate that the effect of magnetic parameter is 52% better for hybrid nanofluid flow than for the pure water. Conversely, the increasing magnetic parameter diminishes the thermal transfer rates for water, TiO2–H2O, CoFe2O4–H2O, and TiO2–CoFe2O4/H2O. The increasing thermophoresis parameter upsurges the thermal flow rate of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluid, while the increasing Brownian motion parameter lessens the thermal transfer rates of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluid. The increasing effect of thermophoresis parameter is 39% better for hybrid nanofluid than for the base fluid. However, the declining impression of Brownian motion factor is 48% greater for hybrid nanofluid related to pure water.

Keywords

• hybrid nanofluid flow
• nanoparticles
• three-dimensional
• exponentially stretching sheet
• thermal and mass flux conditions
• cattaneo–christov heat flux model