Anti-Acanthamoeba activity of a semi-synthetic mangostin derivative and its ability in removal of Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001 on contact lens
Julalak Chuprom,
Suthinee Sangkanu,
Watcharapong Mitsuwan,
Rachasak Boonhok,
Wilawan Mahabusarakam,
L. Ravithej Singh,
Ekachai Dumkliang,
Kritamorn Jitrangsri,
Alok K. Paul,
Sirirat Surinkaew,
Polrat Wilairatana,
Maria de Lourdes Pereira,
Mohammed Rahmatullah,
Christophe Wiart,
Sonia Marlene Rodrigues Oliveira,
Veeranoot Nissapatorn
Affiliations
Julalak Chuprom
School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
Suthinee Sangkanu
School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
Watcharapong Mitsuwan
Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
Rachasak Boonhok
Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
Wilawan Mahabusarakam
Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
L. Ravithej Singh
Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR–Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
Ekachai Dumkliang
Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
Kritamorn Jitrangsri
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
Alok K. Paul
School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
Sirirat Surinkaew
Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
Polrat Wilairatana
Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Maria de Lourdes Pereira
CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
Mohammed Rahmatullah
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Christophe Wiart
The Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kin-abalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Sonia Marlene Rodrigues Oliveira
CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
Veeranoot Nissapatorn
School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
Garcinia mangostana L., also known as the mangosteen tree, is a native medicinal plant in Southeast Asia having a wide variety of pharmacologically active compounds, including xanthonoid mangostin. In this study, we examined the pharmacological activities of the selected semi-synthetic mangostin derivative, namely, amoebicidal activity, encystation inhibition, excystation activity, and removal capacity of adhesive Acanthamoeba from the surface of contact lens (CL). Among the three derivatives, C1 exhibited promising anti-Acanthamoeba activity against Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001 trophozoites and cysts. SEM images displayed morphological changes in Acanthamoeba trophozoites, including the loss of acanthopodia, pore formation in the cell membrane, and membrane damage. In addition, the treated cyst was shrunken and adopted an irregular flat cyst shape. Under a fluorescence microscope, acridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining revealed C1 induced condensation of cytoplasm and chromatin with the loss of cell volume in the treated trophozoites, while calcofluor white staining demonstrated the leakage of cell wall in treated cysts, leading to cell death. Interestingly, at the concentration ranges in which C1 showed the anti-Acanthamoeba effects (IC50 values ranging from 0.035–0.056 mg/mL), they were not toxic to Vero cells. C1 displayed the highest inhibitory effect on A. triangularis encystation at 1/16×MIC value (0.004 mg/mL). While C1 demonstrated the excystation activity at 1/128×MIC value with a high rate of 89.47%. Furthermore, C1 exhibited the removal capacity of adhesive Acanthamoeba from the surface of CL comparable with commercial multipurpose solutions (MPSs). Based on the results obtained, C1 may be a promising lead agent to develop a therapeutic for the treatment of Acanthamoeba infections and disinfectant solutions for CL.
