Recent Advances in Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge

Abstract

The transition from the use of fossil fuels to renewable and green energy is a worldwide challenge that must be seriously considered in order to ensure sustainable development and the preservation of the environment. The conversion of wet biomasses (i.e., sewage sludge) into energy through thermochemical processes in general and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in particular has been pointed out as an interesting and attractive approach for the energetic and agricultural valorization of the produced solid residues, named hydrochars. The success of such valorization options is highly dependent on these hydrochars’ physico-chemical and energetic properties that are influenced not only by the type of the sludge (urban or industrial) and its nature (primary, secondary, or digested) but also by the HTC parameters, especially temperature, pressure, and residence time. This editorial provides a summary of the latest studies regarding the impact of the cited above parameters on the properties of the produced hydrochars. The economic and environmental feasibility of this process for sewage sludge management is also presented.

Keywords

• sewage sludge
• hydrothermal carbonization
• hydrochars
• characterization
• energetic valorization
• agricultural use