An overview of Agaricus section Hondenses and Agaricus section Xanthodermatei with description of eight new species from Pakistan

Abstract

Abstract In a recent revision of the genus Agaricus, A. section Xanthodermatei was split into two sections A. sect. Hondenses and A. sect. Xanthodermatei. Our objectives were to investigate the species diversity of both sections in Pakistan and to give an overview of the major clades. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined nucLSU, ITS and TEF1 dataset from 35 specimens of both sections revealed three major clades. Analyses based on ITS dataset and 106 specimens, including 33 from Pakistan, reveal eight new species and one new record species. These nine species are described in detail. It is noteworthy that intraspecific variability as well as interspecific variability between closely related species were very low in ITS sequences in many cases. In the case of the two new species A. xanthochromaticus and A. griseovariegatus, TEF1 sequence data were much more efficient than ITS to distinguish these species from each other. The other new species are A. atroumbonatus, A. fumidicolor, A. macropeplus, A. parviniveus, A. swaticus and A. bambusetorum. The latter is the only new species of A. sect. Hondenses in which it is morphologically atypical and also the unique (sub)tropical species. Agaricus gregariomyces is recorded for the first time in Pakistan. In addition, brief descriptions are provided not only for A. bisporiticus, A. endoxanthus and A. punjabensis, which are reported again in Pakistan, but also for A. californicus, which is reported for the first time in Spain and outside North America. In total 12 species of both sections were reported in Pakistan and half of them were from subtropical climatic areas, underlining the contribution of the climatic diversity to the high species richness in this country.