Physio-Géo ()
La "Grande dune de Tanger" (littoral du Maroc septentrional) : un exemple de disparition d'une entité naturelle d'intérêt paysager et environnemental
Abstract
The expression of "Great dune of Tangier" is given by a publication dating back to the beginning of the twentieth century (L. GENTIL, 1906). But the visitor of Tangier does not meet nowadays any important dunes. In fact, these exist and the area contains one of the most important dune fields of the Tingitane peninsula, but it has been covered by the recent buildings and consequently to the city growth. We are in presence of a case of disappearance of a natural unit which should logically deserved a better fate according to its potential particular environmental value depending, at least, to its location in a transition zone between two large natural areas, the Mediterranean on one side and the Atlantic on the other. This loss occurs also in an area relatively poor in recent aeolian deposits and where sand is becoming more and more precious. Moreover, the Scientist may feel some frustration by the fact that, in spite of their frequency, recent publications devoted to the coast of Tangier and the problems related to its management ignore the dunes question or evoke it very rarely and vaguely. In any case, no detailed study was dedicated to it.Fortunately the town and its area have benefited from an undeniable interest in ancient documents. Dunes caught the attention of some of the explorers who have succeeded in the country, especially in the early twentieth century. The dune field is also found in different categories of photographs and artistic paintings inherited from the time during which it wasn't yet invaded by the town. The exploitation of these documents is very instructive; it sometimes permits significant information about the morphology and the history of the dunes. It also helps in understanding some important environmental aspects as well as some characteristics of the relationship of man with his natural environment.This paper aims to draw attention to the value of such documentation and therefore the importance of the establishment of archives for natural units. It is also an attempt to contribute, by a geomorphological approach, to overcome some gaps in our knowledge of these dunes. The information is drawn from the various documents mentioned above as well as sections recently unearthed during construction projects.
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