The Ethanolic Extract of <i>Gomphrena celosioides</i> Mart. Does Not Alter Reproductive Performance or Embryo-Fetal Development, nor Does It Cause Chromosomal Damage
Fabricia Rodrigues Salustriano,
Antonio Carlos Duenhas Monreal,
Silvia Cordeiro das Neves,
Giovana Martins de Oliveira,
Diego Duarte Marques de Oliveira,
Marcelo Luiz Brandão Vilela,
Valter Aragão do Nascimento,
Allana Cristina Faustino Martins,
Baby Saroja,
Arunachalam Karuppusamy,
Henrique Rodrigues Scherer Coelho,
Candida Aparecida Leite Kassuya,
Dayanna Isabel Araque Gelves,
Marcos José Salvador,
Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira,
Roberto da Silva Gomes
Affiliations
Fabricia Rodrigues Salustriano
Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
Antonio Carlos Duenhas Monreal
Campus II de Três Lagoas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas 79602-070, MS, Brazil
Silvia Cordeiro das Neves
Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
Giovana Martins de Oliveira
Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
Diego Duarte Marques de Oliveira
Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
Marcelo Luiz Brandão Vilela
Faculdade de Medicina Dr. Hélio Mandetta (FAMED), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
Valter Aragão do Nascimento
Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
Allana Cristina Faustino Martins
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
Baby Saroja
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
Arunachalam Karuppusamy
Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
Henrique Rodrigues Scherer Coelho
Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
Candida Aparecida Leite Kassuya
Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil
Dayanna Isabel Araque Gelves
Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
Marcos José Salvador
Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
Roberto da Silva Gomes
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
Gomphrena celosioides is a native Brazilian plant found in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. It is used in folk medicine to treat kidney diseases, skin diseases, infections, rheumatism, gastrointestinal diseases, and respiratory diseases. It is also used as an abortifacient. To evaluate the effects of the ethanolic extract of Gomphrena celosioides (EEGc) on reproductive performance, embryo development, and chromosome stability, Swiss mice were randomly divided into experimental groups (n = 10). The animals in the control group received the vehicle Tween 80–1% in the proportion of 0.1 mL/10 g of body weight orally, from the first to the 18th gestational day. The animals in the treatment groups received the EEGc (100, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) from the first to the 18th gestational day. The animals underwent evaluations of their reproductive performance and embryofetal development. The results showed that the EEGc did not change the animals’ final weight, weight gain, uterine weight, or net weight gain. The evaluation showed that the absolute and relative organs’ weights did not vary between the different experimental groups. In addition, the EEGc did not change the numbers of implants, live fetuses, dead fetuses, or fetal resorptions. There were no differences in post-operative loss rates, implantations, or resorptions, nor were there differences in fetal viability or sex ratio. The use of the EEGc did not result in different frequencies of malformations. In addition, the EEGc did not alter the frequency of chromosomal damage or frequency of micronuclei. Based on our findings, we considered the extract of Gomphrena celosioides to be safe for use during pregnancy, although some parameters indicated caution in its use.
