The influence of the lower limb components on genu varum in football players: a full leg length magnetic resonance imaging study

Abstract

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate lower extremity alignment in football players with and without genu varum using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms and contributing factors to malalignment. Methods This prospective case-control study included 36 male football players aged 16–19 years, divided into two groups: 18 with genu varum and 18 controls with normal lower extremity alignment. Full-length lower extremity MRI was used to assess alignment parameters. The isokinetic strength of the concentric knee extensor-flexor and concentric hip abductor-adductor muscles was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at angular velocities of 60°/sec and 180°/sec. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors for genu varum. Results Genu varum group had a mean mechanical axis deviation (MAD) of 14 ± 5 mm (p 0.05). The regression analysis demonstrated that the mechanisms responsible for varus alignment in football players differ between the dominant and non-dominant leg. Conclusions The findings in this study suggest that the proximal tibial deformity is a key factor in malalignment among football players with genu varum. Differences in alignment were observed between dominant and non-dominant legs. Strength values were similar between players with and without varus alignment, except for the 60˚/sec angular velocity Add/Abd ratio. Clinical trial registration NCT06606964 / 16.09.2024. Level of evidence Level III.

Keywords

• Deformity
• Genu varum
• Isokinetic strength
• Knee joint
• Mechanical axis deviation