List coloring based algorithm for the Futoshiki puzzle

Abstract

Given a graph G=(V, E) and a list of available colors L(v) for each vertex v\in V, where L(v) \subseteq {1, 2, ..., k}, List k-Coloring refers to the problem of assigning colors to the vertices of $G$ so that each vertex receives a color from its own list and no two neighboring vertices receive the same color. The decision version of the problem, List k-Coloring, is NP-complete even for bipartite graphs. As an application of list coloring problem we are interested in the Futoshiki Problem. Futoshiki is an NP-complete Latin Square Completion Type Puzzle. Considering Futoshiki puzzle as a constraint satisfaction problem, we first give a list coloring based algorithm for it which is efficient for small boards of fixed size. To thoroughly investigate the efficiency of our algorithm in comparison with a proposed backtracking-based algorithm, we conducted a substantial number of computational experiments at different difficulty levels, considering varying numbers of inequality constraints and given values. Our results from the extensive range of experiments indicate that the list coloring-based algorithm is much more efficient.

Keywords

• List Coloring
• Precoloring Extension
• Latin Square Completion Puzzle
• Futoshiki Puzzle
• Personnel Scheduling