Protective Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Adenosine on Changes in Inflammation Mediators after Transient Ischemia of Common Carotid Arteries in Male Wistar Rats

Abstract

Background and Objective: Stroke and cerebral ischemia are the second leading causes of death in the world. Currently, there are limited therapeutic interventions for patients with ischemia / reperfusion. This study was performed to determine the protective effect of aerobic exercise and adenosine on changes in inflammation mediators after transient ischemia of common carotid arteries in male Wistar rats. Methods: In this experimental study, fifty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into to 5 groups: control, cerebral ischemic control, aerobic exercise + cerebral ischemia, adenosine + cerebral ischemia and aerobic exercise + adenosine + cerebral ischemia. Ischemia was performed by blocking the common carotid artery for 45 minutes after a period of exercise and injection of adenosine. Neuronal structure was examined by Nissel tissue staining. The expression of NGF and Glutamate genes were measured in CA1 region of hippocampal tissue samples. Results: Cell death was increased in neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in the ischemia / reperfusion group, While a significant reduction in cell death in the adenosine + ischemia / reperfusion and aerobic exercise + ischemia /reperfusion groups was due to adenosine administration and aerobic exercise (P<0.05). NGF and glutamate gene expression in the adenosine + ischemia/reperfusion and adenosine + aerobic exersice + ischemia/reperfusion groups significantly increased and reduced compared to the ischemia/reperfusion control, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Co-administration of adenosine combined with aerobic exercise increase the protective effect of aerobic exercise on improving the neuronal damage after ischemic / reperfusion.

Keywords

• ischemia
• aerobic exercise
• adenosine
• inflammation mediators