Real-Time Optimization of Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment at Infection Site during Treatment of Post-Neurosurgical Ventriculitis Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Gram Negatives with Ceftazidime–Avibactam-Based Regimens: A Report of Two Cases

Abstract

We present two cases of post-neurosurgical ventriculitis caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens successfully treated with high-dose ceftazidime/avibactam. The existence of a real-time clinical pharmacological advice program, by enabling the optimization of the PK/PD targets over time at the infection site, turned out to be very helpful.

Keywords

• ceftazidime/avibactam
• CSF penetration
• post-neurosurgical ventriculitis
• KPC-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>
• carbapenem-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
• fosfomycin