Who benefits from computerized cognitive training? Lower processing speed predicts greater cognitive improvement

Abstract

Background: Computerized cognitive training (CCT) is an intervention used to target cognitive deficits associated with depression, and has been found to improve mood, cognition, and everyday functioning. The aim of the present study is to determine if baseline cognitive presentation predicts improvement in cognition from CCT, and if this improvement varies based on the type of training received. Methods: Forty-six young adults with depressive symptoms were recruited as part of a randomized controlled trial studying the effects of CCT on mood, cognition, and everyday functioning. Participants completed training on their mobile devices for 15 min/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Clinical and neuropsychological assessments were completed at baseline and 8 weeks. Results: Individuals with below average processing speed (PS) scores showed greater improvement in 2 out of 4 PS tasks (Cohen's d range > 1) compared to above average performers. The high and low performers did not differ in change in performance in non-PS tasks. Type of training had no effect. Limitations: Small college-aged sample. Conclusions: CCT has differential effects on PS depending on baseline cognitive presentation. Individuals with an initial relative PS weakness improve more from CCT than those with higher baseline functioning. This study highlights the importance of identifying individual differences in cognition that may factor into CCT response.

Keywords

• Computerized cognitive training
• Depression
• Young adult
• Processing speed