Effects of Acute and Chronic Resistance Exercise on the Skeletal Muscle Metabolome
Sebastian Gehlert,
Patrick Weinisch,
Werner Römisch-Margl,
Richard T. Jaspers,
Anna Artati,
Jerzy Adamski,
Kenneth A. Dyar,
Thorben Aussieker,
Daniel Jacko,
Wilhelm Bloch,
Henning Wackerhage,
Gabi Kastenmüller
Affiliations
Sebastian Gehlert
Department for Biosciences of Sports, Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, 31139 Hildesheim, Germany
Patrick Weinisch
Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
Werner Römisch-Margl
Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
Richard T. Jaspers
Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Anna Artati
Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
Jerzy Adamski
Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
Kenneth A. Dyar
Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
Thorben Aussieker
Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany
Daniel Jacko
Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany
Wilhelm Bloch
Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany
Henning Wackerhage
Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany
Gabi Kastenmüller
Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
Resistance training promotes metabolic health and stimulates muscle hypertrophy, but the precise routes by which resistance exercise (RE) conveys these health benefits are largely unknown. Aim: To investigate how acute RE affects human skeletal muscle metabolism. Methods: We collected vastus lateralis biopsies from six healthy male untrained volunteers at rest, before the first of 13 RE training sessions, and 45 min after the first and last bouts of RE. Biopsies were analysed using untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Results: We measured 617 metabolites covering a broad range of metabolic pathways. In the untrained state RE altered 33 metabolites, including increased 3-methylhistidine and N-lactoylvaline, suggesting increased protein breakdown, as well as metabolites linked to ATP (xanthosine) and NAD (N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide) metabolism; the bile acid chenodeoxycholate also increased in response to RE in muscle opposing previous findings in blood. Resistance training led to muscle hypertrophy, with slow type I and fast/intermediate type II muscle fibre diameter increasing by 10.7% and 10.4%, respectively. Comparison of post-exercise metabolite levels between trained and untrained state revealed alterations of 46 metabolites, including decreased N-acetylated ketogenic amino acids and increased beta-citrylglutamate which might support growth. Only five of the metabolites that changed after acute exercise in the untrained state were altered after chronic training, indicating that training induces multiple metabolic changes not directly related to the acute exercise response. Conclusion: The human skeletal muscle metabolome is sensitive towards acute RE in the trained and untrained states and reflects a broad range of adaptive processes in response to repeated stimulation.
