Holding time has limited impact on constitutive innate immune function in a long-lived Antarctic seabird, the Adélie penguin: implications for field studies

• Olivia Hicks,
• Akiko Kato,
• Danuta M. Wisniewska,
• Coline Marciau,
• Frédéric Angelier,
• Yan Ropert-Coudert,
• Arne Hegemann

Affiliations

Olivia Hicks

Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France

Akiko Kato

Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France

Danuta M. Wisniewska

Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark

Coline Marciau

Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France

Frédéric Angelier

Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France

Yan Ropert-Coudert

Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France

Arne Hegemann

Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark