Comparison of children and adults in deep brain stimulation for Tourette Syndrome: a large-scale multicenter study of 102 cases with long-term follow-up
Yuan Gao,
Shu Wang,
Anni Wang,
Shiying Fan,
Yan Ge,
Huimin Wang,
Dongmei Gao,
Jian Wang,
Zhiqi Mao,
Hulin Zhao,
Hua Zhang,
Lin Shi,
Huanguang Liu,
Guanyu Zhu,
Anchao Yang,
Yutong Bai,
Xin Zhang,
Chong Liu,
Qiao Wang,
Renpeng Li,
Kun Liang,
Kayla Giovanna Brown,
Zhiqiang Cui,
Chunlei Han,
Jianguo Zhang,
Fangang Meng
Affiliations
Yuan Gao
Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Shu Wang
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Anni Wang
Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Shiying Fan
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Yan Ge
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Fengtai Hospital
Huimin Wang
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Fengtai Hospital
Dongmei Gao
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Jian Wang
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital
Zhiqi Mao
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital
Hulin Zhao
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital
Hua Zhang
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Lin Shi
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Huanguang Liu
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Guanyu Zhu
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Anchao Yang
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Yutong Bai
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Xin Zhang
Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Chong Liu
Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Qiao Wang
Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Renpeng Li
Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Kun Liang
Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Kayla Giovanna Brown
Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Zhiqiang Cui
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital
Chunlei Han
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Jianguo Zhang
Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation
Fangang Meng
Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
Abstract Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapy for refractory Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). However, its long-term efficacy, safety, and recommended surgical age remain controversial, requiring evidence to compare different age categories. Methods This retrospective cohort study recruited 102 GTS patients who underwent DBS between October 2006 and April 2022 at two national centers. Patients were divided into two age categories: children (aged 0.05), and the children group received significantly higher improvement in GTS-QOL scores than adults (55.9% vs. 47.9%, p = 0.049). Conclusions DBS showed acceptable long-term efficacy and safety for both children and adults with GTS. Surgeries performed for patients younger than 18 years seemed to show acceptable long-term efficacy and safety and were not associated with increased risks of loss of benefit compared to patients older than 18 at the time of surgery. However, surgeries for children should also be performed cautiously to ensure their refractoriness and safety.
