Factors associated with oral Candida colonization in neonates at intensive care unit

Abstract

Background Oral candidiasis still has high prevalence and frequently causes problems in the neonatal period. Objective To evaluate some factors associated with the occurrence of oral Candida colonization in neonates. Methods A cross sectional study was performed at the Intensive Care Unit, Neonatology Division, Department of Child Health, Medical School, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital Denpasar, from November 2002 to April 2003. Eighty neonates were enrolled. Oral mucous swabs were obtained and examined for Candida colonization using potassium hydroxide (KOH). Data were analyzed by prevalence ratio and logistic regression; a p value of 1 week, male sex, gestational age of <37 weeks, Apgar score of <7, birth weight of <1500 grams, oral mucous pH of <7, systemic antibiotic use, and steroid use by mother. Breastfeeding was a protective factor. Correlation between variables using Spearman test revealed correlation coefficient of <0.5. By logistic regres- sion, birth weight of <1500 grams (p=0.04) and systemic antibi- otic use (p=0.01) were significant associated factors of oral Candida colonization, while breastfeeding was a significant pro- tective factor (p=0.03). Conclusion Birth weight of <1500 grams and systemic antibiotic use were significant associated factors of oral Candida colonization and breastfeeding was a significant protective factor of oral Candida colonization in neonates

Keywords

• neonatal
• preterm
• oral Candida colonization
• KOH examination