Recovery of Bioactive Ellagitannins by Ultrasound/Microwave-Assisted Extraction from Mexican Rambutan Peel (<i>Nephelium lappaceum</i> L.)
Luis Estrada-Gil,
Juan C. Contreras-Esquivel,
Carolina Flores-Gallegos,
Alejandro Zugasti-Cruz,
Mayela Govea-Salas,
Marco A. Mata-Gómez,
Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera,
Juan A. Ascacio-Valdés
Affiliations
Luis Estrada-Gil
Food Reasearch Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdéz S/N, República, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
Juan C. Contreras-Esquivel
Food Reasearch Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdéz S/N, República, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
Carolina Flores-Gallegos
Food Reasearch Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdéz S/N, República, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
Alejandro Zugasti-Cruz
Food Reasearch Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdéz S/N, República, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
Mayela Govea-Salas
Laboratory of Nanobiociences, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdéz S/N, República, Saltillo 26280, Mexico
Marco A. Mata-Gómez
School of Engineering and Science, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Puebla 72453, Mexico
Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera
Food Reasearch Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdéz S/N, República, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
Juan A. Ascacio-Valdés
Food Reasearch Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdéz S/N, República, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is a tropical fruit from Asia which has become the main target of many studies involving polyphenolic analysis. Mexico produces over 8 million tons per year of rambutan, generating a huge amount of agro-industrial waste since only the pulp is used and the peel, which comprises around 45% of the fruit’s weight, is left behind. This waste can later be used in the recovery of polyphenolic fractions. In this work, emerging technologies such as microwave, ultrasound, and the hybridization of both were tested in the extraction of phenolic compounds from Mexican rambutan peel. The results show that the hybrid technology extraction yielded the highest polyphenolic content (176.38 mg GAE/g of dry rambutan peel). The HPLC/MS/ESI analysis revealed three majoritarian compounds: geraniin, corilagin, and ellagic acid. These compounds explain the excellent results for the biological assays, namely antioxidant activity evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS, and LOI (Lipid oxidation inhibition) assays that exhibited great antioxidant capacity with IC50 values of 0.098, 0.335, and 0.034 mg/mL respectively, as well as prebiotic activity demonstrated by a µMax (maximum growth) of 0.203 for Lactobacillus paracasei. Lastly, these compounds have shown no hemolytic activity, opening the door for the elaboration of different products in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
