Stigma toward substance use disorders: a multinational perspective and call for action

• Samer El Hayek,
• Wael Foad,
• Renato de Filippis,
• Abhishek Ghosh,
• Nadine Koukach,
• Aala Mahgoub Mohammed Khier,
• Sagun Ballav Pant,
• Vanessa Padilla,
• Rodrigo Ramalho,
• Hossameldin Tolba,
• Mohammadreza Shalbafan

Affiliations

Samer El Hayek

Medical Department, Erada Center for Treatment and Rehabilitation in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Wael Foad

Medical Department, Erada Center for Treatment and Rehabilitation in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Renato de Filippis

Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy

Abhishek Ghosh

Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

Nadine Koukach

Medical Department, Erada Center for Treatment and Rehabilitation in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Aala Mahgoub Mohammed Khier

Medical Department, Erada Center for Treatment and Rehabilitation in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Sagun Ballav Pant

Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal

Vanessa Padilla

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States

Rodrigo Ramalho

Department of Social and Community Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Hossameldin Tolba

Medical Department, Erada Center for Treatment and Rehabilitation in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Mohammadreza Shalbafan

Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran