Does vitamin D serum level affect prognosis of COVID-19 patients?

Abstract

Background: Since the beginning of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic there have been contradictions and speculations about the relationship between vitamin D and COVID-19. Given that there is an association between vitamin D deficiency and some diseases – including cancer, autoimmune disease and some infectious diseases – a higher incidence and mortality rate in the vitamin-D-deficient COVID-19 population was not a surprise; conversely, some research would argue this relationship. Considering these contradictions, this study aimed to determine the relationship between prognosis and vitamin D level in cases with COVID-19. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 329 confirmed cases of COVID-19 – who were admitted to Kamkar-ArabNia Hospital in Qom city, Iran from March–July 2020 – were categorized into three groups according to vitamin D serum levels (ng/ml): sufficient (>30), insufficient (20–30) and deficient ( 0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant association between hospital stay and lower serum vitamin D levels. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and death rate or the time interval to return to normal oxygen levels was not significant.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Vitamin D
• Prognosis