Evaluation the ground water in kirkuk governorate for drinking and irrigation purposes.

Abstract

A field study was conducted to evaluate groundwater pollution and determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in the districts of Shawan , Alton Kopre and Dibs district in Kirkuk Governorate(Fig1). Samples were collected from fifty-two wells during the September 2023. The chemical concentration of groundwater ( pH, EC, TDS, T.H,Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, Na+ SO4-2, CO3-2, HCO3-, NO3-, PO4-3, Cl-) were analyzed, also mathematical model WQI was measured to evaluate Water quality for irrigation and drinking. ArcGIS 10.4.1 software was used for figping spatial distribution of parameters.The results showed that the chemical characteristics of the well waters are within the permissible limits except of total hardness (T.H.) and electrical conductivity (EC), as 50.02% and 2.13% of the water in the study wells exceeded the permissible limits for drinking and irrigation in terms of hardness and electrical conductivity, respectively.As for dissolved cations, 13.67% of the total area exceeded the permissible limits for drinking only for calcium ions, and 25.71% exceeded the permissible limits for drinking and irrigation to magnesium ions, as for potassium ions, 4.35% of the study wells exceeded the permissible limits for irrigation. While the dissolved (negative) ions for all well water were within the permissible limits, with the exception of sulphate, phosphate, and nitrate ions, as 99.89% of the study well water was within the permissible limits for drinking, with the exception of wells W3 and W31, but all of them are suitable for irrigation with regard to sulphate ions. As for phosphate ions, 99.96% of the study well water exceeded the permissible limits for drinking only, while 46.82% was not suitable for irrigation regarding to nitrates.

Keywords

• groundwater
• wqi
• ec
• kirkuk
• water hardness