Integrating Spectral Sensing and Systems Biology for Precision Viticulture: Effects of Shade Nets on Grapevine Leaves
Renan Tosin,
Igor Portis,
Leandro Rodrigues,
Igor Gonçalves,
Catarina Barbosa,
Jorge Teixeira,
Rafael J. Mendes,
Filipe Santos,
Conceição Santos,
Rui Martins,
Mário Cunha
Affiliations
Renan Tosin
Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Igor Portis
Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Leandro Rodrigues
Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Igor Gonçalves
Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Viticultura Duriense, Edifício Centro de Excelência da Vinha e do Vinho Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia de Vila Real, Régia Douro Park, 5000-033 Vila Real, Portugal
Catarina Barbosa
Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Viticultura Duriense, Edifício Centro de Excelência da Vinha e do Vinho Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia de Vila Real, Régia Douro Park, 5000-033 Vila Real, Portugal
Jorge Teixeira
GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre and Inov4Agro, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Rafael J. Mendes
iB2Lab, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Filipe Santos
INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Campus of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, S/N, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Conceição Santos
iB2Lab, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Rui Martins
INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Campus of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, S/N, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Mário Cunha
Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
This study investigates how grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) respond to shading induced by artificial nets, focusing on physiological and metabolic changes. Through a multidisciplinary approach, grapevines’ adaptations to shading are presented via biochemical analyses and hyperspectral data that are then combined with systems biology techniques. In the study, conducted in a ‘Moscatel Galego Branco’ vineyard in Portugal’s Douro Wine Region during post-veraison, shading was applied and predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) was then measured to assess water stress. Biochemical analyses and hyperspectral data were integrated to explore adaptations to shading, revealing higher chlorophyll levels (chlorophyll a-b 117.39% higher) and increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels in unshaded vines (52.10% higher). Using a self-learning artificial intelligence algorithm (SL-AI), simulations highlighted ROS’s role in stress response and accurately predicted chlorophyll a (R2: 0.92, MAPE: 24.39%), chlorophyll b (R2: 0.96, MAPE: 17.61%), and ROS levels (R2: 0.76, MAPE: 52.17%). In silico simulations employing flux balance analysis (FBA) elucidated distinct metabolic phenotypes between shaded and unshaded vines across cellular compartments. Integrating these findings provides a systems biology approach for understanding grapevine responses to environmental stressors. The leveraging of advanced omics technologies and precise metabolic models holds immense potential for untangling grapevine metabolism and optimizing viticultural practices for enhanced productivity and quality.
