Downsystem grain-size trends and mass balance of an ancient wave-influenced sediment routing system: Middle Jurassic Brent Delta, northern North Sea, offshore UK and Norway

Abstract

We reconstruct spatial variations in grain size in the sediment routing system of the data-rich Middle Jurassic Brent Group of the northern North Sea, using published stratigraphic, thickness, palaeogeographic, provenance and age constraints combined with representative core and wireline-log data. Facies associations provide a textural proxy for gravel, sand and mud grain-size fractions, and their distributions define spatio-temporal variations in grain size within four stratigraphic intervals (J22, J24, J26, J32 genetic sequences). Sediment was sourced from the west (Shetland Platform), east (Norwegian Landmass) and south (Mid-North Sea High). The associated sediment routing systems were geographically distinct in the oldest (J22) and youngest (J32) genetic sequences, but combined to feed a large wave-dominated delta (‘Brent Delta’) in genetic sequences J24 and J26. Few of the Brent Group sediment routing systems exhibit the downsystem-fining grain-size trend predicted by sediment mass balance theory. Deviations from this reference trend reflect: (1) sparse sampling of channelised fluvial and fluvio-tidal sand bodies in upsystem locations; (2) preferential trapping of sand in underfilled antecedent and syn-depositional, half-graben depocentres in genetic sequences J22 and J32; and (3) nearshore retention of sand by shoaling waves in wave-dominated shoreface and barrier-strandplain systems. This third type of deviation reveals that spatial facies partitioning due to shallow-marine process regime distorts the simple downsystem-fining reference trend, and supports the interpretation that large volumes of predominantly muddy sediment were bypassed beyond the ‘Brent Delta’ into neighbouring basins. Our analysis demonstrates a practical approach to interpret sediment supply and sediment dispersal in the stratigraphic record.

Keywords

• Sediment grain size
• Sediment mass-balance
• Sediment routing system
• Source-to-sink
• Brent Group