Shift in Government Policy Regarding Computer Technology Development in USSR in Late 1960s

Abstract

The relevance of the study is determined by the critical importance for the Russian Federation in complex geopolitical conditions of the need to make a technological leap and ensure sovereignty, as well as the significance of studying Soviet experience in the implementation of state scientific, technical, and industrial policies. Based on declassified archival documents, issues related to the evolution of state policy in the development and production of computer technology in the late 1960s are examined. The novelty of the research lies in identifying the main trends and factors that led to both the USSR’s lag behind leading countries in this field and attempts to implement mechanisms to overcome it. A significant number of previously unpublished documents are introduced into scholarly circulation, including appeals from representatives of the scientific community to the central authorities highlighting the alarming situation. It is proven that these reports played a significant role in changing the government’s course regarding computer technology development, influencing decision-making speed and the choice of a previously tested mechanism for overcoming technological lag — borrowing. A conclusion is formulated that many recommendations from the scientific community representatives were ignored by the authorities. A departmental approach played a significant role. The decision made had far-reaching and generally negative consequences.

Keywords

• ссср
• научно-техническая революция
• вычислительная техника
• академия наук
• инженерная подготовка
• холодная война